精确和实时轨道车辆本地化以及铁路环境监测对于铁路安全至关重要。在这封信中，我们提出了一种基于多激光器的同时定位和映射（SLAM）系统，用于铁路应用。我们的方法从测量开始预处理，以便去噪并同步多个LIDAR输入。根据LIDAR放置使用不同的帧到框架注册方法。此外，我们利用来自提取的轨道轨道的平面约束来提高系统精度。本地地图进一步与利用绝对位置测量的全局地图对齐。考虑到不可避免的金属磨损和螺杆松动，在手术期间唤醒了在线外在细化。在收集3000公里的数据集上广泛验证了所提出的方法。结果表明，所提出的系统与大规模环境的有效映射一起实现了精确且稳健的本地化。我们的系统已应用于运费交通铁路以监控任务。

在本文中，我们介绍了全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）辅助激光乐队 - 视觉惯性方案RAILTOMER-V，用于准确且坚固的铁路车辆本地化和映射。 Raillomer-V在因子图上制定，由两个子系统组成：辅助LiDar惯性系统（OLIS）和距离的内径综合视觉惯性系统（OVI）。两个子系统都利用了铁路上的典型几何结构。提取的轨道轨道的平面约束用于补充OLI中的旋转和垂直误差。此外，线特征和消失点被利用以限制卵巢中的旋转漂移。拟议的框架在800公里的数据集中广泛评估，聚集在一年以上的一般速度和高速铁路，日夜。利用各个传感器的所有测量的紧密耦合集成，我们的框架准确到了长期的任务，并且足够强大地避免了退行的情景（铁路隧道）。此外，可以使用车载计算机实现实时性能。

我们在本文中介绍Raillomer，实现实时准确和鲁棒的内径测量和轨道车辆的测绘。 Raillomer从两个Lidars，IMU，火车车程和全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）接收器接收测量。作为前端，来自IMU / Royomer缩放组的估计动作De-Skews DeSoised Point云并为框架到框架激光轨道测量产生初始猜测。作为后端，配制了基于滑动窗口的因子图以共同优化多模态信息。另外，我们利用来自提取的轨道轨道和结构外观描述符的平面约束，以进一步改善对重复结构的系统鲁棒性。为了确保全局常见和更少的模糊映射结果，我们开发了一种两级映射方法，首先以本地刻度执行扫描到地图，然后利用GNSS信息来注册模块。该方法在聚集的数据集上广泛评估了多次范围内的数据集，并且表明Raillomer即使在大或退化的环境中也能提供排入量级定位精度。我们还将Raillomer集成到互动列车状态和铁路监控系统原型设计中，已经部署到实验货量交通铁路。

我们提出了一种准确而坚固的多模态传感器融合框架，Metroloc，朝着最极端的场景之一，大规模地铁车辆本地化和映射。 Metroloc在以IMU为中心的状态估计器上构建，以较轻耦合的方法紧密地耦合光检测和测距（LIDAR），视觉和惯性信息。所提出的框架由三个子模块组成：IMU Odometry，LiDar - 惯性内径术（LIO）和视觉惯性内径（VIO）。 IMU被视为主要传感器，从LIO和VIO实现了从LIO和VIO的观察，以限制加速度计和陀螺仪偏差。与以前的点LIO方法相比，我们的方法通过将线路和平面特征引入运动估计来利用更多几何信息。 VIO还通过使用两条线和点来利用环境结构信息。我们所提出的方法在具有维护车辆的长期地铁环境中广泛测试。实验结果表明，该系统比使用实时性能的最先进的方法更准确和强大。此外，我们开发了一系列虚拟现实（VR）应用，以实现高效，经济，互动的轨道车辆状态和轨道基础设施监控，已经部署到室外测试铁路。

In this paper, we study the problem of knowledge-intensive text-to-SQL, in which domain knowledge is necessary to parse expert questions into SQL queries over domain-specific tables. We formalize this scenario by building a new Chinese benchmark KnowSQL consisting of domain-specific questions covering various domains. We then address this problem by presenting formulaic knowledge, rather than by annotating additional data examples. More concretely, we construct a formulaic knowledge bank as a domain knowledge base and propose a framework (ReGrouP) to leverage this formulaic knowledge during parsing. Experiments using ReGrouP demonstrate a significant 28.2% improvement overall on KnowSQL.

In this paper, we introduce a novel variation of model-agnostic meta-learning, where an extra multiplicative parameter is introduced in the inner-loop adaptation. Our variation creates a shortcut in the parameter space for the inner-loop adaptation and increases model expressivity in a highly controllable manner. We show both theoretically and numerically that our variation alleviates the problem of conflicting gradients and improves training dynamics. We conduct experiments on 3 distinctive problems, including a toy classification problem for threshold comparison, a regression problem for wavelet transform, and a classification problem on MNIST. We also discuss ways to generalize our method to a broader class of problems.

Text-to-SQL semantic parsing is an important NLP task, which greatly facilitates the interaction between users and the database and becomes the key component in many human-computer interaction systems. Much recent progress in text-to-SQL has been driven by large-scale datasets, but most of them are centered on English. In this work, we present MultiSpider, the largest multilingual text-to-SQL dataset which covers seven languages (English, German, French, Spanish, Japanese, Chinese, and Vietnamese). Upon MultiSpider, we further identify the lexical and structural challenges of text-to-SQL (caused by specific language properties and dialect sayings) and their intensity across different languages. Experimental results under three typical settings (zero-shot, monolingual and multilingual) reveal a 6.1% absolute drop in accuracy in non-English languages. Qualitative and quantitative analyses are conducted to understand the reason for the performance drop of each language. Besides the dataset, we also propose a simple schema augmentation framework SAVe (Schema-Augmentation-with-Verification), which significantly boosts the overall performance by about 1.8% and closes the 29.5% performance gap across languages.

Recently deep neural networks, which require a large amount of annotated samples, have been widely applied in nuclei instance segmentation of H\&E stained pathology images. However, it is inefficient and unnecessary to label all pixels for a dataset of nuclei images which usually contain similar and redundant patterns. Although unsupervised and semi-supervised learning methods have been studied for nuclei segmentation, very few works have delved into the selective labeling of samples to reduce the workload of annotation. Thus, in this paper, we propose a novel full nuclei segmentation framework that chooses only a few image patches to be annotated, augments the training set from the selected samples, and achieves nuclei segmentation in a semi-supervised manner. In the proposed framework, we first develop a novel consistency-based patch selection method to determine which image patches are the most beneficial to the training. Then we introduce a conditional single-image GAN with a component-wise discriminator, to synthesize more training samples. Lastly, our proposed framework trains an existing segmentation model with the above augmented samples. The experimental results show that our proposed method could obtain the same-level performance as a fully-supervised baseline by annotating less than 5% pixels on some benchmarks.

The robustness of Text-to-SQL parsers against adversarial perturbations plays a crucial role in delivering highly reliable applications. Previous studies along this line primarily focused on perturbations in the natural language question side, neglecting the variability of tables. Motivated by this, we propose the Adversarial Table Perturbation (ATP) as a new attacking paradigm to measure the robustness of Text-to-SQL models. Following this proposition, we curate ADVETA, the first robustness evaluation benchmark featuring natural and realistic ATPs. All tested state-of-the-art models experience dramatic performance drops on ADVETA, revealing models' vulnerability in real-world practices. To defend against ATP, we build a systematic adversarial training example generation framework tailored for better contextualization of tabular data. Experiments show that our approach not only brings the best robustness improvement against table-side perturbations but also substantially empowers models against NL-side perturbations. We release our benchmark and code at: https://github.com/microsoft/ContextualSP.

Given a natural language that describes the user's demands, the NL2Code task aims to generate code that addresses the demands. This is a critical but challenging task that mirrors the capabilities of AI-powered programming. The NL2Code task is inherently versatile, diverse and complex. For example, a demand can be described in different languages, in different formats, and at different levels of granularity. This inspired us to do this survey for NL2Code. In this survey, we focus on how does neural network (NN) solves NL2Code. We first propose a comprehensive framework, which is able to cover all studies in this field. Then, we in-depth parse the existing studies into this framework. We create an online website to record the parsing results, which tracks existing and recent NL2Code progress. In addition, we summarize the current challenges of NL2Code as well as its future directions. We hope that this survey can foster the evolution of this field.